Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Aetiology

• Toxoplasma gondii is commonly found in cat faeces, infected meat, or soil
• Infection is usually asymptomatic, when infection occurs during pregnancy it can cross the placenta and cause congenital toxoplasmosis

Investigations

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis involves:

• Antenatal ultrasound to look for foetal abnormalities
• Amniocentesis with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing
• Maternal IgM testing to check for previous exposure
• Foetal blood test

Management

• Acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is treated with spiramycin

Complications

• There is a classic triad of features in congenital toxoplasmosis:
  • Intracranial calcification
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Chorioretinitis (inflammation of the choroid and retina in the eye)