Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria that causes listeriosis

Aetiology

• Listeria is typically transmitted by unpasteurised dairy products, processed meats and contaminated foods
• Pregnant women are advised to avoid high-risk foods (e.g. unpasteurised milk, soft cheese, refrigerated smoked seafood) and practice good food hygiene

Clinical features

• 'Flu-like', 'food poisoning'

Investigations

• Cultures of amniotic fluid, blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Other imaging may be indicated

Management

• Ampicillin and gentamicin (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole if penicillin allergic)

Complications

• Listeriosis in pregnant women has a high rate of miscarriage or foetal death; it can also cause severe neonatal infection