Aetiology

• Higher incidence in males, especially adolescents/YAs

Penetrating neck trauma

• Knife/BSW/MVA
• Industrial accidents
• Household accidents

Blunt neck trauma

• MVA
• Sporting injuries

Pathophysiology

Classification

Zone I

• Trachea
• Oesophagus
• Thoracic duct
• Thyroid
• Vessels - brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid, thyrocervical trunk
• Spinal cord

Zone II