Caused by infection in the neonatal period

Aetiology

• Early onset (EOS) - mainly due to bacteria acquired before and during delivery
  • Group B streptococcus
  • Gram negatives
• Late onset (LOS) - acquired after delivery (nosocomial or community sources)
  • Coagulase negative staphylococci
  • Gram negatives
  • Staph. aureus

Risk factors associated with premature infants

• Immature immune system
• Intensive care environment
• Indwelling tubes and lines

Clinical features

Symptoms

• Fever
• Reduced tone and activity
• Poor feeding
• Vomiting

Signs

• Respiratory distress or apnoea
• Tachycardia or bradycardia
• Hypoxia
• Jaundice within 24 hours
• Seizures