Diet and GI cancers
| Cancer origin |
Factors that increase risk |
Factors that decrease risk |
| Oesophagus |
Convincing evidence: |
|
- Body fatness
- Alcoholic drinks (3/day) | |
| Stomach | Convincing evidence:
- Body fatness
- Alcoholic drinks
- Foods preserved by salting | |
| Liver | Convincing evidence:
- Aflatoxins
- Alcoholic drinks
- Body fatness | Probable evidence:
- Coffee |
| Colon + rectum | Convincing evidence:
- Red and processed meat (>70g a day)
- Alcoholic drinks
- Body fatness
- Attained adult height | Convincing evidence:
- Physical activity (moderate and vigorous)
Probable evidence:
- Wholegrains
- Foods containing dietary fibre (bulk reduces transit time and carcinogen absorption)
- Dairy products
- Calcium supplements |
Scottish dietary goals
- Reduce salt intake from around 9g to 6g/day
- Consume at least 400g varied fruit and veg/day
- Reduce average calorie intake by 120 kcal/day
- Reduce average intake of red and processed meat to 70g/day
- Increase intakes of all oil-rich fish to one portion per person/week
- Increase intake of dietary fibre to 30g/day
- Reduce the average intake of free sugars to 5% of total dietary energy
- Maintain intakes of starchy carbohydrates at 50% of total dietary energy