Dietary reference values

• Estimated average requirement (EAR): used for energy requirements of a population, about 1/2 the population will need more energy than the EAR and 1/2 will need less
• Reference nutrient intake (RNI): amount of a nutrient (e.g. protein, minerals) that will be sufficient for 97.5% of the population
• Lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI): amount of a nutrient sufficient for the 2.5% of the population with the lowest needs

Malnutrition

• Malnutrition: deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in individuals’ intake or energy and/or nutrients

Undernutrition

• Wasting: low weight for height
• Stunting: low height for age
• Underweight: low weight for age

Micronutrient-related

• Micronutrient deficiencies (lack important vitamins and minerals)
• Micronutrient excess

Overweight, obesity and diet-related NCD

• Overnutrition
• Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, stroke

Dietary requirements

Protein

• Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) for protein ranges from 12.7g to 14.5g per day for infants ages 4 to 18 months
• Intake is commonly more than the RNI